Existentialism

 This blog is written as a task assigned by the head of the Department of English (MKBU), Prof. and Dr. Dilip Barad Sir. Here is the link to the professor's blog for background reading: Click here.

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility in a world that lacks inherent meaning. Rooted in the idea that "existence precedes essence," it suggests that individuals define their own purpose through actions rather than adhering to predetermined values or societal norms. Thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Simone de Beauvoir explored themes of authenticity, absurdity, and existential angst, urging individuals to confront the uncertainties of life with courage. Existentialism has profoundly influenced literature, psychology, and the arts, shaping perspectives on human agency and the search for meaning in an indifferent universe.

What is Flipped Learning?

Flipped Learning is an innovative educational approach that reverses the traditional classroom model by shifting direct instruction outside the classroom and using in-class time for interactive, student-centered learning activities. Instead of passive lectures, students engage in pre-class preparation (such as watching videos or reading materials) and use class time for discussions, problem-solving, and collaborative exercises

What is Existentialism?

Introduction

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and personal responsibility in an often indifferent or even absurd universe. It emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries as a response to traditional beliefs about human nature, morality, and meaning, asserting that individuals must define their own purpose in life. Existentialist thought has deeply influenced literature, philosophy, and psychology.

Historical Background

Existentialism traces its roots to 19th-century thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, who challenged traditional religious and moral values. It gained prominence in the 20th century through philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger, Simone de Beauvoir, and Albert Camus, especially in the aftermath of World War II, when questions about human existence, suffering, and free will became more pressing.

Core Principles of Existentialism

1. Existence Precedes Essence – Unlike traditional views that define human nature, existentialists argue that people define themselves through their actions and choices.
2. Individual Freedom and Responsibility – Humans are free to shape their own lives but must also accept the responsibility for their choices.
3. The Absurd – Life has no inherent meaning, and individuals must create their own purpose in a world that often seems irrational.
4. Alienation and Anxiety – Feelings of isolation and existential dread arise when individuals confront their own freedom and the lack of predetermined meaning.
5. Authenticity – Living authentically means embracing one's freedom and making choices true to oneself rather than conforming to societal expectations.

Existentialism in Literature and Art

Existentialist themes appear in the works of authors like Franz Kafka (The Metamorphosis), Jean-Paul Sartre (No Exit), Albert Camus (The Stranger), and Fyodor Dostoevsky (Notes from Underground). These works explore isolation, absurdity, and the struggle for meaning in a seemingly indifferent world.

Conclusion

Existentialism challenges individuals to confront the uncertainties of life and take responsibility for their own existence. By rejecting preordained meaning and embracing personal freedom, existentialism encourages a life of self-determination, even in the face of absurdity. Its influence continues in philosophy, literature, psychology, and popular culture.