Nagamandala Play by Girish Karnad

Difference between the YouTube video of the play Nagamandala and the original text of Nagamandala.

Q : 1 How did the setting and stage design in the YouTube play contribute to your understanding of the story and its themes? Did it enhance or detract from your interpretation of the original text's setting?

Answer : 

In a YouTube play adaptation of "Nagamandala," the setting and stage design can still play a significant role in enhancing the audience's understanding of the story and its themes. The visual elements such as the backdrop, lighting, props, and costumes can help establish the mood and atmosphere of the play. A well-designed set can transport the audience into the rural Indian setting where the story takes place, immersing them in the cultural milieu and the characters' world.

"Nagamandala" is a compelling play by Girish Karnad that intertwines folklore, tradition, and human desires. The setting and stage design play crucial roles in enhancing the our understanding of the story and its themes. For example, the use of a simple, rustic village setting immerses the audience in the traditional milieu, reinforcing the cultural context and societal norms prevalent in the narrative. Additionally, the incorporation of symbolic elements such as the nagamandala (snake ritual) itself, along with evocative lighting and sound design, heightens the mystical and supernatural aspects of the story, enriching its thematic exploration of love, desire, and societal expectations. 

An incident from the play that exemplifies this is the transformation of the protagonist, snake, into a Appanna, which is not only a dramatic moment but also underscores the power dynamics and consequences of repressed desires within the societal framework. The setting and stage design in "Nagamandala" serve as integral components in deepening the audience's engagement with the story and its underlying themes.

The setting and stage design unquestionably enhanced my interpretation of the original text's setting. They provided depth and context that enriched my understanding of the cultural milieu and thematic elements portrayed in the play.

Q : 2. Were there any significant differences from how you imagined them while reading the text? Mention them. 

Answer  :

"The YouTube play diverges significantly from the original text of Naga-Mandala in several key aspects. These differences include variations in character portrayal, plot development, and thematic emphasis.The adaptation may feature changes in dialogue and pacing and here are some major ones.

1. The original tax play starts with a prologue, while the YouTube play does not mention it at all.

2. There is a big difference in the setting of the original taxt play and the YouTube play, only the door is used to enter, exit, for the serpent, and conversation the YouTube play.

3. The text portrays Kurudavva's character as somewhat serious, but the YouTube play portrays her character as more ridiculous and exciting.

4. There is a great difference in The Rani's examination, her palanquin flower decoration, and the village people and elders.

5.  The text provides three distinct endings, while the YouTube video presents only two.

Q - 3  Discuss any cultural or historical elements presented in the YouTube play that were not explicitly mentioned in the original text. How did these additions enrich your understanding of the narrative?

Answer :

Many cultural or historical elements are presented in the YouTube play that were not explicitly mentioned in the original text.In the YouTube play, Man and Flames initially uphold privacy, refraining from divulging private matters publicly. However, they later disclose that Rani and Naga's relationship is viewed as immoral and illegal, portraying it not as a human-to-human connection but as one between a human and a snake, a departure from the original text's portrayal.This is the description of the narrow minded society.

Q  - 4  Overall, how did watching the YouTube play enhance or change your understanding of "Nagamandala" as a literary work? What insights did you gain from experiencing the story visually that you may have missed while reading the text alone?

Answer :

Watching a YouTube play of "Nagamandala" provided a richer understanding of the characters' emotions, relationships, and cultural context. Seeing the actors portray the nuances of body language, facial expressions, and vocal inflections added depth to the story that might have been missed while reading the text alone. Additionally, the visual elements such as the setting, costumes, and props helped immerse me in the world of the play and enhanced my appreciation for its themes and symbolism.

Q  - 5  Write 10 lines on the play 'NagaMandala' 

Answer   :

Nagamandala is a compelling play revolving around Rani, trapped in an unhappy marriage, who uses magical roots to rekindle love. When a snake falls in love with her due to the potion, it takes the form of her neglectful husband at night, fulfilling her desires. Rani's pregnancy sparks conflict with her husband, leading to a trial where she proves her innocence with the help of a transformed king cobra. Revered as a goddess by villagers, Rani's husband is forced to accept her and their child. However, tensions rise when the snake returns, torn between fury and love. The play concludes with the snake's uncertain fate, hidden in Rani's hair, leaving the audience in suspense.

🙂.

Baby Running Barefoot by D. H. Lawrence

 

Q : 1 What's your understanding of the poem? Write it in detail.

Answer : 

A Baby Running Barefoot" by D. H. Lawrence is a poem that celebrates the untainted joy and spontaneity of childhood. The poem explores the freedom and uninhibited nature of a baby running barefoot, emphasizing the sensory experience of touch, sight, and sound. Lawrence vividly captures the innocence of the child's connection with the natural world, presenting a nostalgic and tender portrayal of early life. The poem beautifully conveys the idea of embracing simplicity and the unspoiled wonders of existence.

Here's a detailed understanding:

1. Freedom and Spontaneity:

The poem opens with the image of a baby running barefoot, symbolizing freedom and spontaneity. The child's unrestrained movement reflects the unburdened nature of early life, unencumbered by societal norms or restrictions.

2. Sensory Experience:

Lawrence vividly describes the sensory experience of the baby's journey. The "grass green as a witch's oils" and the "brown earth" evoke a rich, tactile world. The poet emphasizes the physical connection between the child and nature, portraying a vivid and sensorial landscape.

3. Innocence and Purity:

The innocence of the baby is a central theme. The child is depicted as pure and untouched, embodying the essence of unspoiled life. The running barefoot signifies a direct, unmediated engagement with the world, untainted by the complexities that come with age.

4. Nature's Response:

The poem suggests a reciprocal relationship between the child and nature. As the baby runs, the "sun shower" responds with a "cool wind," creating a harmonious interaction. This interaction underscores the idea of a natural, symbiotic connection between humans and their environment.

5. Joyful Exploration:

The poem celebrates the joyous exploration of the world by the baby. The child's laughter and "shouts of delight" convey the sheer pleasure derived from discovering the world firsthand. This theme accentuates the idea of living in the moment and finding joy in simple, everyday experiences.

6. Nostalgia and Reflection:

There's a nostalgic tone in the poem, suggesting a reflection on the purity and joy of childhood from an adult perspective. The poet may be expressing a longing for the uncomplicated, carefree days of infancy, contrasting them with the complexities of adult life.

7. Symbolism of Running Barefoot:

The act of running barefoot is symbolic. It not only signifies a direct connection with the earth but also represents a rebellion against societal norms that impose restrictions. The barefoot journey embodies a return to a more authentic and instinctive way of experiencing life.

Conclusion : 

  In essence, "A Baby Running Barefoot" is a celebration of the unspoiled, unrestrained nature of childhood. Lawrence invites readers to reconnect with the pure and simple joys of existence and to appreciate the beauty found in the most basic and unadorned aspects of life.

Q : 2 How do you see your own journey from childhood to adulthood ?

Answer : 

 My journey from childhood to young adulthood has been very chaotic. Having many good and bad experiences in it, I started moving forward in my life.During this journey my life and my personality developed a lot which enabled me to live with the present world.

🙂🙂🙂.

The Heathen by Jack London

Q : 1. What's your understanding of the story The Heathen? Write this answer in your own words.

 Answer : 

"The Heathen" is a short story by the American writer Jack London. It was first published in Everybody's Magazine in August 1910, and later included in the collection of stories by London, The Strength of the Strong, published by Macmillan in 1914. Captivating tale that delves into themes of culture clash and the resilience of the human spirit. Jack London's storytelling prowess shines through in this piece, offering readers a glimpse into the complexities of colonial encounters and the indomitable nature of the human soul.

In the story, two people, from different cultural and racial backgrounds, are the only survivors of a ship that encounters a hurricane in the Pacific, and they remain together. The narrator, a pearl buyer named Charley, is a cabin passenger on a schooner, the Petite Jeanne, at the end of the pearling season in the Paumotas. The boat, having eighty-five deck passengers, is overloaded. Several passengers die of smallpox; Charley and the other cabin passengers drink whisky, until it runs out, in the belief that it will kill the smallpox germ

 Title of the story "The Heathen" is a dated term used primarily of someone who is not religious, or whose religion is not Judaism, Islam, or especially Christianity. It is also sometimes used disapprovingly of someone who is not cultured.

And the story reveals that Otoo is considered to be the heathen as he does not belong to the lass though he is from the African American class. 

The African people are suppressed by the whites and they are dragged to their own class but they are considered to be slaves. This story also demonstrates the idea of Master-Slave relationship. The whites believe that the blacks are born to be merely slaves and that is why they are forced to be African Christion in which Otoo remains different from them and thus, he becomes the heathen of that community.

  Jack London given his views over how society creates injustice to the people. If Otoo does not belong to his christian community when society does not belong to the religion named ''HUMANITY'' And it does not lot the human beings live their life the way they want to.

Q : 2. The learners are advised to read the original story and talk about the major scenes that take place in the story. 

Answer : 

Background :

The Heathen" is a short story by the American writer Jack London. It follows two people from different cultural and racial backgrounds who are the only ones left after their ship has encountered a storm in the Pacific.In 1907 London began a voyage across the Pacific Ocean in his ketch the Snark, and visited islands in the south Pacific, concluding the voyage in Sydney, Australia. He wrote about the adventure in his book The Cruise of the Snark. "The Heathen" is set among islands that London visited during that period.

Smallpox spreads on the board: 

The narrator, a pearl buyer named Charley, is a cabin passenger on a schooner, the Petite Jeanne, sailing from Rangiroa to Tahiti. The boat, having eighty-five deck passengers, is overloaded. Several passengers die of smallpox; Charley and the other cabin passengers drink whisky, until it runs out, in the belief that it will kill the smallpox germs.

Encounter with a Hurricane: 

The boat is in the direct path of a hurricane and destroyed in the hurricane, and Charley survives by clinging to a hatch cover from the boat, sharing it with a Kanaka named Otoo. Eventually Charley loses consciousness, and comes to on the beach of an atoll; Otoo has saved his life by pulling him from the water. They are the only survivors from the Petite Jeanne.

Reverse the names:

They exchange names. In the South Seas such a ceremony binds two men closer together than blood-brothership. They part inPapeete and Otoo goes home to Bora Bora; but he returns, because his wife has died. He accompanies Charley for the next seventeen years, ensuring that he does not come to harm.

Otoo is killed saving Charley from sharks :

The relationship ends when Otoo is killed saving Charley from sharks on the coast of Savu. "And so passed Otoo, who saved me and made me a man, and who saved me in the end."

The relationship ends when Otoo is killed saving Charley from sharks on the coast of Savu

             Overall, "The Heathen" offers a nuanced exploration of these themes, prompting readers to reconsider their assumptions about religion, culture, and human interaction and are cultural clash, religious conversion, human nature, cultural understanding, and nature's significance. 

Thank you  .

Pipasa Documentary Review

 Date: December 14, 2023

PIPASA" documentary vividly illustrates the challenges faced by the people of the Thar Desert as they grapple with the scarcity of waterThe Thar Desert, a vast expanse of arid land, is home to millions of people who have been facing an increasingly severe water crisis in recent years. Factors like climate change, overgrazing, and population growth have contributed to the growing threat that looms over the lives of those residing in this region. "PIPASA," a documentary film by Rajat Sain and Roohani, presents a poignant and detailed overview of the water crisis in the Barmer region of the Thar Desert. This article aims to explore the causes and impact of the water crisis and shed light on the efforts being made to address this pressing issue. 

Women in these areas try to collect water from pits where water gets accumulated due to damaged pipelines. In many rural areas, the situation has remained the same since Independence. Every year, plans are made for summer season, but nothing changes on the ground. The state government’s project to connect these villages is going on, but it will take many years.

The condition of Bhachbhar village, 45km from Barmer district headquarters currently reeling under a temperature of around 45°C, is pathetic as women lead their entire lives collecting water from pits with nobody to listen to their woes. They start collecting water around 7am and the process continues till late evening. The government so far has not announced any scheme for this area.

   Villagers are forced to quench their thirst with murky water and family members often get into fights when their turn comes to fetch water. Villager Manohardas Ramwat questioned how will the government’s advisory of washing hands be followed when there is no water to drink.

      Thus, other states of India are giving height of development while on the other hand, Barmer district of Rajasthan does not even have access to water, a common requirement of human life.

" A Documentary on India's Water Crisis in Barmer, Rajasthan" offers readers an enlightening journey through the heart of a parched region, compelling them to reflect on their own role in preserving the planet's most precious resource – water. It is a must-read for anyone concerned about environmental issues, social justice, and the collective responsibility to safeguard our shared future.

Thank you. 

Tell It not In Gath by Joe Corrie

 Writer introduction: Joe corrie

Born : 13 may 1894  

Dide : 13 November 1968

Occupation : poet, playwright.

                            

                Joe Corrie was a Scottish miner, poet and playwright. Most of his works are radical in its nature. The poor situation of working class people is often seen in his works.

About play :

"Tell It Not in Gath" is a play written by Joe Corrie, a Scottish miner and playwright. It's a powerful piece of literature that explores themes such as social injustice, labor struggles, and the resilience of the human spirit. Corrie's works often reflect the harsh realities faced by working-class communities in Scotland during the early 20th century.

 

"Tell It Not in Gath" is a play written by Joe Corrie, a Scottish playwright known for his works reflecting the struggles and hardships of working-class life in Scotland. The play is set in a mining community and revolves around the lives of the miners and their families.

The title of the play is a reference to a verse from the Bible, specifically 2 Samuel 1:20, where David mourns the death of Saul and Jonathan, urging that news of their demise not be spread in the Philistine city of Gath, the enemies of Israel. This biblical allusion sets the tone for the themes of secrecy, betrayal, and the consequences of revealing sensitive information.

The play delves into the lives of the miners, their families, and the challenges they face. It explores the harsh working conditions in the mines, the exploitation of labor, and the economic struggles of the working class. Corrie's portrayal of the mining community is gritty and realistic, highlighting the physical dangers of the job as well as the emotional toll it takes on the miners and their loved ones.

Central to the narrative is the tension between loyalty to one's community and the temptation to seek personal gain at the expense of others. The characters grapple with moral dilemmas, betrayals, and the consequences of their actions. Through the interactions and conflicts among the characters, Corrie paints a vivid picture of the social dynamics and power struggles within the mining community.

"Tell It Not in Gath" is not only a commentary on the specific hardships faced by miners in Scotland but also a broader exploration of themes such as class struggle, solidarity, and the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity. Corrie's portrayal of working-class life resonates with audiences due to its authenticity and emotional depth, making it a significant work in the canon of Scottish literature.

Thank you. 

Animal farm by George orwell

 

Questions: 1 which is your favourite character from "Animal farm" by George Orwell ? Why ?

Ans: 

 Snowball is my favourite character because Orwell’s stint in a Trotskyist battalion in the Spanish Civil War during which he first began plans for a critique of totalitarian communism influenced his relatively positive portrayal of Snowball. As a parallel for Leon Trotsky, Snowball emerges as a fervent ideologue who throws himself heart and soul into the attempt to spread Animalism worldwide and to improve Animal Farm’s infrastructure. His idealism, however, leads to his downfall. Relying only on the force of his own logic and rhetorical skill to gain his influence, he proves no match for Napoleon’s show of brute force.

Although Orwell depicts Snowball in a relatively appealing light, he refrains from idealizing his character, making sure to endow him with certain moral flaws. For example, Snowball basically accepts the superiority of the pigs over the rest of the animals. Moreover, his fervent, single-minded enthusiasm for grand projects such as the windmill might have erupted into full-blown megalomaniac despotism had he not been chased from Animal Farm. Indeed, Orwell suggests that we cannot eliminate government corruption by electing principled individuals to roles of power; he reminds us throughout the novella that it is power itself that corrupts. 

Questions : 2 Write 10 original lines from the text which you loved the most.

Ans : 

 - Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. 

- This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty. cows, hundreds of sheep

—and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. 

 - Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of. Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own.

 - And among us animals let there be perfect unity, perfect comradeship in the struggle. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades.

 - "I have little more to say. I merely repeat, remember always y. our duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. 

 - All the habits of Man are evil. - No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equa.   

  - In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Jones. 

 - ow, comrades," cried Snowball, throwing down the paint-brush, "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do." 

 - How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts. were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped.            

Questions:3 Interpret "all animal are equal,some are more equal" in your own words. 

 Ans: 

This is a quotation from George Orwell’s allegorical novel Animal Farm. In it the animals conspire to take control of their farm from humans, establishing ‘Animalist’ commandments to prevent the reproduction of the oppressive behaviour of humans. Unfortunately as time goes on that is exactly what happens and the pig Napoleon ends up changing the final rule of ‘All animals are equal’ so that it reads that ‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’. This is a parody of Stalinist Russia which Orwell was criticising. 
  

Thank you. 

Lord of the flies by william golding

 Questions: What's the General atmosphere of the movie lord of the flies?

Ans: 

 The atmosphere of Lord of the Flies is fairly aloof, creating a sense of removal from the events. The boys on the island generally treat each other with a lack of sympathy, and, similarly, the overall tone of the movie expresses neither shock nor sympathy toward what happens. Lord of the flies has a pessimistic atmosphere throughout. Although to begin with the movie seems to be quite positive, (the boys have fun and are optimistic about being rescued) the atmosphere is slowly transformed into one of savagery, fear and betrayal.

           movie is the point in the narrative where the tension, excitement, or stakes reach the highest level. It is often the conclusion of a moviesmain conflict and sets up for either a successful resolution or an unsatisfying ending.

Thank you. 

Equality by Maya Angelou

 

Maya Angelou's "Equality" is a powerful poem that addresses the universal quest for fairness and justice. Through vivid imagery and emotive language, Angelou challenges societal norms and advocates for equality among all people, regardless of race, gender, or background. Her words continue to resonate as a call to action for creating a more inclusive and just world.

Question answer Pursuant to the poem :

Q : 1 What's your understanding of the poem Equality? 

Answer : 

"Equality" by Maya Angelou is a powerful poem that speaks to the universal longing for justice and fairness in society. Through vivid imagery and emotive language, Angelou paints a picture of the struggles faced by marginalized individuals who are denied equal treatment and opportunities. The poem acknowledges the presence of discrimination and bias, highlighting the physical and emotional scars it leaves behind.

Despite the adversity, there is a resounding message of resilience and hope throughout the poem. The speaker asserts their determination to rise above oppression and continue the fight for equality. Angelou's use of imagery, such as being "scarred by the monstrous hand" and "trampled by boots of bias," evokes empathy and challenges readers to confront the realities of injustice.

Ultimately, "Equality" serves as a call to action, urging society to recognize and address the systemic inequalities that persist. It calls for solidarity and empathy, emphasizing the importance of standing up for the rights and dignity of all individuals. The poem inspires reflection on the role each person plays in promoting equality and social justice, and it underscores the inherent value of every human being, regardless of race, gender, or background.

The poem serves as a call to action, urging readers to actively work towards creating a more just and equitable society. By highlighting the struggles of marginalized individuals, "Equality" implores society to recognize the inherent dignity and worth of all people, regardless of race, gender, or background.

In the closing stanza, the poem reaffirms the commitment to the pursuit of equality, emphasizing that despite the challenges and setbacks, the quest for justice will continue unabated.

 Angelou's poem leaves readers with a sense of urgency and purpose, inspiring empathy, understanding, and a renewed dedication to the principles of equality for all. Through its lyrical language and poignant imagery, "Equality" invites readers to reflect on their own role in promoting social justice and to strive for a world where everyone is treated with dignity and respect.

In the closing stanza, the poem reaffirms the commitment to the pursuit of equality, emphasizing that despite the challenges and setbacks, the quest for justice will continue unabated. Angelou's poem leaves readers with a sense of urgency and purpose, inspiring empathy, understanding, and a renewed dedication to the principles of equality for all. Through its lyrical language and poignant imagery, "Equality" invites readers to reflect on their own role in promoting social justice and to strive for a world where everyone is treated with dignity and respect.

Q : 2. Write a poem on the theme of equality. 

Answer : 

In the tapestry of humanity's design, Equality's threads interwine. Each strand a story, each hue a tale, In the fabric of justice, we prevail.

From the cradle of dawn to the dusk's embrace, Equality's journey, every face. No burden too heavy, no burden too light, In the balance of fairness, we unite.

In the corridors of power, in the streets below, Equality's whisper, a steady flow. No barriers too tall, no bridges too far, In the symphony of voices, we find our star.

Each voice a melody, each step a beat, In the rhythm of equality, we meet. No privilege unchecked, no disadvantage ignored, In the mosaic of inclusion, we're restored.

So let us delve deep, into the depths of care, In the quest for equality, let us dare. For in the intricacies of our shared humanity, Lies the essence of true equality's symphony

Human Interest: A Service of Love by O Henry

 

Q - 1 : Discuss how O Henry employs the theme of sacrifice and love throughout the story 'A Service of Love'.

Answers : 

        The most important themes of the story are love and sacrifice. Joe and Delia truly love each other and are happy to live together. Yet when the issue of money arises both of them are ready to lie so that the other person does not suffer. This shows how deep their feelings are. Delia is ready to work in the laundry to iron clothes and Joe similarly is working in the same place as an engineer. However, both of them are quite creative people as already told by the narrator. So each of them comes up with the most creative lie they can think of, Delia makes up General A.B. Pinkney and Joe makes up a buyer from Peoria – a fictional country. This shows that both of them are quite skilled in their art and are not lacking in creativity and imagination; what they are truly lacking is money. To earn it they are also ready to sacrifice their time and patience and eventually, they do make some good money. However, only after the incident do they realize that they are not doing this for the sake of their art alone but more likely they are doing it for their significant other which proves the theme of love and sacrifice.

Q.-2. What is the significance of the title of the story? Discuss. 

Answers :

"When one loves one’s art no service seems too hard”

In O. Henry's "A Service of Love," the title holds significance as it encapsulates the central theme of selfless devotion. The story revolves around the character Delia Young, who sacrifices her own happiness for the well-being of others. The title implies that love, in this context, is not just a fleeting emotion but a dedicated service, emphasizing the selfless acts performed out of genuine affection. Delia's actions exemplify a profound commitment to others, making the title a fitting descriptor of the story's overarching theme.

               The story features two aspiring artists as they struggle with money to pay for their lessons and each in turn decides to help out by selling their art. However, what they do not realize is that they both have gotten jobs to earn money and instead are lying to each other so that it does not put pressure on their talents. This way the story reflects the message that is given by the title “A Service Of Love” and disagrees with the statement “When one loves one’s Art no service seems too hard” which the author himself shows to be only a hoax and that reality is very different indeed. O. Henry also uses an ironic tone to emphasize the creativity of artists as the lies made up by the protagonists are brilliant to such an extent that they both believe it themselves. However, the underlying theme of the story becomes quite clear: love is an important thing and something for which people are ready to sacrifice their desires just to achieve it.

            The conclusion reveals the bittersweet nature of this "service of love." The story suggests that love, while noble and selfless, can sometimes lead to personal sacrifice and unfulfilled dreams. The title gains further significance as it encapsulates the overarching theme of the story, highlighting the complex dynamics and sacrifices inherent in the pursuit of love.

Q.-3. What title would you choose if you were asked to do so? 

Answer :

    If I have to give another title to this story, I will give "Lovingly Loyal"conveys a sense of unwavering commitment and affection. In the context of O. Henry's "Service of Love," this title encapsulates the theme of devoted and selfless actions carried out in the name of love, aligning with the essence of the original story.

Q.-4. Translate the song "Monta Re" into English without the help of Google Sources and then cross-check. (Lootera is a Bollywood movie adapted from the short story Last Leaf by O. Henry.) Upload the translation photo to your blog. 

Answers :

Thank you. 

Still I Rise by Maya Angelou

 Maya Angelou was an American author, poet, and civil rights activist. Her autobiographical work, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," is widely celebrated for its poignant portrayal of her early life. Angelou's writing often explores themes of identity, race, and resilience, making her a significant figure in American literature and cultural history.

Q : 1. What is your understanding of the poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou? 

Answer : 

"Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou is a powerful and empowering poem that celebrates resilience, strength, and the ability to overcome adversity. The poem speaks to the enduring spirit of the human soul in the face of oppression, discrimination, and hardship.

In detail, the poem explores themes of racism, sexism, and marginalization, but it does so with a tone of defiance and triumph. Angelou uses vivid imagery, repetition, and rhetorical questions to convey her message of perseverance and self-love.

The phrase "Still I Rise" serves as a refrain throughout the poem, emphasizing the speaker's refusal to be defeated by the challenges she faces. Angelou uses metaphors such as "dirt" and "air" to represent the obstacles that attempt to hold her down, but she asserts her strength and resilience in the face of these challenges.

The poem celebrates the speaker's journey from victimhood to empowerment, declaring that despite the attempts to oppress her, she will rise above it all. Angelou's use of imagery, repetition, and rhythmic language creates a sense of defiance and hope, inspiring readers to find their own inner strength and rise above adversity.

Overall, "Still I Rise" is a timeless and universal anthem of resilience and empowerment, encouraging readers to embrace their own power and overcome whatever obstacles they may encounter.

Q : 2. Identify key literary devices used in the poem and provide examples, including original lines from the poem. 

Answer : 

Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou is a powerful poem that employs various literary devices to convey its message of resilience and empowerment. Here are some key literary devices used in the poem along with examples.

 Maya Angelou, several key literary devices contribute to the poem's impact and resonance. Through the masterful use of repetition, such as the powerful refrain "Still I rise," Angelou underscores the theme of unwavering resilience in the face of adversity. Vivid imagery, like being "trodden in the very dirt" and "rising like dust," creates a visceral depiction of oppression and triumph. Additionally, metaphorical language, such as "shooting with words," conveys the emotional and psychological battles endured by the speaker.

Repetition :

Angelou uses repetition to emphasize key phrases and ideas, reinforcing the theme of resilience and determination. For example, the repetition of "I rise" throughout the poem highlights the speaker's unwavering strength and defiance in the face of adversity.

Original lineOriginal line:

 "You may shoot me with yourwords, 

You may cut me with your eyes,

You may kill me with yourhatefulness,

But still, like air, I'll rise."

 "You may write me down inhistory

With your bitter, twisted lies,

You may trod me in the verydirt

But still, like dust, I'll rise."

 Metaphor: 

Metaphor is used to create vivid imagery and convey complex ideas. In "Still I Rise," Angelou employs metaphors to compare the speaker's resilience to natural elements and phenomena.

Original line : 

Just like moons and like suns, 

With the certainty of tides, 

Just like hopes springing high, 

Still I'll rise."

  Simile : 

In "Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou, similes are used to create vivid imagery and draw comparisons between the speaker's resilience and other entities or concepts. Here are some examples:

You may shoot me with your words, 

You may cut me with your eyes, 

You may kill me with your hatefulness, 

But still, like air, I'll rise."

These similes emphasize the speaker's unwavering resolve and ability to overcome adversity, likening it to the resilience of air and the unstoppable force of an ocean. 

Alliteration:

Alliteration is a literary device used in poetry where consecutive words begin with the same consonant sound. In "Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou, alliteration is employed to create rhythm and emphasis. Here are some examples:

The repetition of the "b" sound in the following lines adds emphasis and draws attention to the speaker's strength:

  Original line: 

"Out of the huts of history's shame Up from a past that's rooted in pain I'm a black ocean, leaping and wide, Welling and swelling I bear in the tide."

 The repetition of the "s" sound in the following lines creates a sense of rhythm and emphasizes the speaker's defiance:

Original line:

"You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I'll rise." 

These examples of alliteration contribute to the poem's overall musicality and serve to highlight the themes of resilience and empowerment.

 Structure and Form:

Free Verse: 

The poem is written in free verse, meaning it lacks a strict rhyme scheme or meter. This form gives Angelou freedom in expression and allows for a natural flow of language, enhancing the poem's emotional impact.

Stanzas: 

The poem is divided into stanzas of varying lengths, with each stanza containing a distinct idea or image. This division helps to organize the poem thematically and provides a sense of rhythm and structure.

Enjambment:

 Angelou frequently employs enjambment, where a line of poetry carries over into the next line without punctuation, creating a sense of continuity and fluidity in the poem's rhythm.

Imagery:

The poem is rich in vivid imagery, with Angelou using descriptive language to evoke powerful visual and sensory experiences. This imagery helps to bring the themes of empowerment and overcoming obstacles to life for the reader.

Rhyme : 

The first seven stanzas have a rhyme scheme of ABCB, the eighth ABABCC, and the ninth ABABCCBBB.

Tone and Mood:

The tone of "Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou is confident and defiant, while the mood is uplifting and empowering. The speaker's assertive attitude and refusal to be diminished by adversity create a sense of strength and resilience. Despite addressing difficult themes, the overall mood of the poem is one of triumph and inspiration, leaving the reader feeling uplifted and empowered.

Symbolism:

"Still I Rise" by Maya Angelou is rich in symbolism, using various images and metaphors to convey its themes of resilience and empowerment. Here are some examples of symbolism in the poem:

Overall Symbolism:

 The poem is a powerful anthem of resilience and empowerment, symbolizing the indomitable spirit of marginalized individuals overcoming oppression and adversity

Stanzas 1-4: Symbolize the speaker's defiance against attempts to diminish their worth and erase their history.

Stanzas 5-7: Symbolize the speaker's rejection of societal expectations and reclaiming of their identity, sassiness, haughtiness, and sexiness.

Stanzas 8-9: Symbolize the speaker's resilience against verbal attacks and attempts to break their spirit.

Throughout the poem, imagery such as being written down in history, being trodden in dirt, rising like dust, and being shot with words convey the themes of oppression, endurance, and triumph.

Conclusion : 

Ultimately, Angelou's adept use of these literary devices culminates in a profound portrayal of strength, defiance, and empowerment, inspiring readers to rise above adversity and reclaim their dignity and worth.

Q : 3. Mention the name of a Hindi or Gujarati song that has similarities to the poem Still I Rise. (Feel free to provide the lyrics.) 

Answer :

One Hindi song that shares themes of resilience and empowerment similar to Maya Angelou's "Still I Rise" is "Jeete Hain Chal" from the Bollywood movie "Neerja." The lyrics, written by Prasoon Joshi, convey a message of courage and determination in the face of adversity. Here are a few lines from the song.

"Jeete hain chal, jeetenge chal

Talwaron ke saye me hi

Humne khud ko jo yunhi bachaya hai

Jeete hain chal, jeetenge chal"

Thank you  .

Work Ethics

 

"Your work is a reflection of your ethics." 

Work ethics refer to the set of moral principles and values that guide an individual's behavior and conduct in the workplace. It involves a commitment to honesty, integrity, responsibility, punctuality, respect for others, and a dedication to producing high-quality work. Strong work ethics contribute to a positive work environment and foster personal and professional growth.A person with great work ethics always comes up on time and is prepared to do whatever it takes to complete the task at hand.

      Characteristics That Demonstrate a Strong Work Ethic:

Being Honest:

There’s nothing more important than being honest. When you are telling the truth, you become respected and people start trusting you 

Being on Time:

“Being punctual matters. People who are late show disrespect to everyone waiting for them. If everyone can be on time, why can’t you?”

Being Disciplined:

Being a poor self-organizer might get you distracted from your daily tasks. Keeping a disciplined mindset will help you reach your goals and increase your productivity.

Being Productive :

The key to being productive is self-discipline. So, if you already started working on that, you are definitely heading the right way. 

Being Reliable : 

Reliability is a must-have quality if you want good outcomes both personally and professionally. However, in order to become trustworthy, you must learn how to.

conclusion : 

 work ethic is a very important quality of effective teams as well as individual workers. It benefits the people working, as well as who they are working for. A positive attitude when carrying out tasks is also beneficial to everyone involved, as it is often inspired by a good work ethic.

Twelfth night play by william shakespeare

                        Twelfth night

Be not afraid of greatness. Some are. born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them."

 Writer introduction:

         William Shakespeare (bapt. 26[a] April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship.

Major character:

- Duck Orsino

- Olivia 

- Viola (cesario)

- Sebastian

- captain 

- Uncle Toby

- Maria

- Malvokio

- Antonio

Context and Background:

    Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare that is believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck.

Plot:

Duke Orsino of Illyria is in love with Olivia, but his advances are rejected. A shipwrecked Viola arrives on his shores, and with the help of a Captain, disguises herself as a boy, calling herself Cesario, and enters Orsino’s service. Orsino takes to Cesario, and sends ‘him’ to woo Olivia for him. Viola, however, is already falling in love with Orsino.

Cesario arrives to woo Olivia, and Olivia falls in love with ‘him’. She rejects Orsino’s approach, but asks Cesario to return. Orsino discusses the nature of love with Cesario, and sends ‘him’ again to Olivia, who confesses her love for Cesario, much to ‘his’ dismay. Meanwhile, Viola’s twin brother Sebastian, also a casualty of the shipwreck, arrives in Illyria with the help of Antonio, a sea-captain and former enemy of Orsino. Sebastian looks around the town, and Antonio gives him his purse to use, deciding to stay at the inn for safety.

encouraging Sir Andrew, his drinking-companion and source of funds, to woo Olivia. While carousing with Olivia’s fool Feste late one night, they quarrel with Malvolio, and with the help of Olivia’s maid Maria, they decide to trick him. Maria writes a letter to Malvolio, forging Olivia’s handwriting, to make Malvolio think Olivia loves him. The letter asks Malvolio to dress and behave in eccentric ways.

Toby, Andrew, and Fabian observe Malvolio opening the letter and absorbing its contents. He approaches Olivia according to the letter’s instructions, and she thinks him mad. Toby arranges for him to be confined in a dark room. Later, he gets Feste to disguise himself as a priest, Sir Topas, to taunt Malvolio. Malvolio writes a letter of complaint to Olivia.

Meanwhile, Andrew prepares to leave the house, having seen Cesario apparently being more successful with Olivia, but Toby persuades him to stay, and to challenge Cesario to a duel. Sir Toby separately informs Andrew and Cesario that the other is a ferocious fighter, and they approach each other with trepidation. They are about to fight when Antonio arrives, intending to defend Cesario, whom he has mistaken for Sebastian. Antonio is arrested by officers who recognize him as Orsino’s enemy. He asks for his purse from Cesario, who of course professes no knowledge of it.

Feste is sent to bring Cesario to Olivia, but encounters Sebastian instead. They meet Andrew, who strikes Sebastian, thinking him to be Cesario, and Andrew is beaten for his pains. Olivia arrives to stop a fight between Sebastian and Toby. Sebastian is immediately taken with her. Thinking him to be Cesario, she is delighted that he has finally responded to her advances, and they go off to be married.

Orsino is told by Cesario of Antonio’s arrival, but when Antonio is brought before him and asserts that he has been with Cesario for some time, Orsino thinks him mad. Olivia arrives, and again rejects Orsino’s advances. As he and Cesario prepare to leave, Olivia insists on Cesario staying, and calls him her husband. When Cesario denies it, she presents the priest as confirmation. Orsino is enraged, thinking Cesario has betrayed him. Toby and Andrew pass by, having just been severely beaten by Sebastian. Sebastian then arrives, and the twins delightedly recognize each other. Everyone is amazed, Viola’s true identity is revealed, and she and Orsino decide to be married.

Feste delivers Malvolio’s letter to Olivia, and he is brought from his cell. Fabian reveals the nature of the trick played upon him, and Malvolio leaves vowing revenge on them all. They all prepare for celebration, leaving Feste to bid the audience farewell.

Theme:

- Love as a Cause of Suffering

- The Uncertainty of Gender

- The Folly of Ambition

- Love and Desire

- Disguise and Deception

- Gender and Sexuality

 My viewpoint:

      The overall point of view of Twelfth Night is dramatic, but it follows certain characters more than others, encouraging the audience to sympathize with their particular perspective and sensibility.its focus on complicated issues of gender, class, and same-sex attraction make it relevant to our current cultural moment.

Thank you 😊. 

I Want to Know Why by Sherwood Anderson

Q : 1. Explore the protagonist's journey from innocence to disillusionment in "I Want to Know Why." How does his perception of the world change throughout the story?

 Answer : 

In "I Want to Know Why," the protagonist's perception of the world undergoes a profound transformation, tracing a trajectory from innocence to disillusionment. Initially, the narrator views the rural landscape with a childlike curiosity and idealism, captivated by the simplicity and beauty of nature.

As the story unfolds, the protagonist's encounters with the realities of life chip away at their innocent perspective. The narrator becomes increasingly aware of the complexities surrounding human behavior, relationships, and societal norms. The once-idyllic world is exposed as imperfect and sometimes harsh, leading to a growing sense of disillusionment.

Crucial moments in the narrative, such as witnessing acts of cruelty or facing the harsh truths of adult behavior, contribute to the protagonist's evolving perception. These experiences force the narrator to confront the darker facets of humanity, challenging their initial rosy outlook.

The disillusionment deepens as the protagonist grapples with the stark contrast between their expectations and the flawed reality they observe. Themes of social injustice, moral ambiguity, and the inherent struggles of life become prominent in shaping the protagonist's evolving worldview.

 Conclusion :

    The protagonist has shed much of their innocence, replaced by a more somber and nuanced understanding of the world. The journey from wide-eyed curiosity to a sobering disillusionment is a poignant exploration of the loss of innocence, a universal theme that resonates with readers as they empathize with the protagonist's evolving perspective.

Q : 2. Read the original story and prepare a visual story line. 

Answer : 

3. What is your understanding of the concepts of individual desire and social expectations? 

Answer : 

The interplay between individual desire and social expectations revolves around the tension and negotiation between personal aspirations and the norms imposed by society. Individual desire encompasses one's unique goals, ambitions, and yearnings, while social expectations refer to the predefined roles, behaviors, and norms dictated by the community or culture.

I Want to Know Why" by Sherwood Anderson, the protagonist is a young boy who experiences a clash between his individual desires and the social expectations placed upon him. Anderson carefully explores the internal struggles of the character as he navigates his personal yearnings for freedom, self-discovery, and authenticity.

The boy's desire to understand the world around him and his own identity becomes a central theme. This individual desire is often at odds with the rigid societal expectations prevalent in the setting. The story vividly portrays the tension between the boy's curiosity, innocence, and the constraints imposed by societal norms.

As the protagonist grapples with growing up, he questions the limitations placed on him by his family and community. Anderson skillfully weaves a narrative that delves into the complexities of navigating one's personal desires within the framework of societal expectations, offering readers a nuanced exploration of the human experience.

Conclusion : 

In conclusion serves as a microcosm reflecting the universal challenge individuals face in navigating personal aspirations against the backdrop of societal norms. Anderson crafts a narrative that unveils the complexities of the human experience, capturing the tension, conflicts, and ultimately, the evolving understanding of the delicate balance between individual desire and the expectations imposed by the social fabric.

Q : 4. Reflect in your own words about the transition of your journey from childhood to adulthood. 

Answer : 

My journey from childhood to adulthood has been a fascinating evolution, I wanted to play a lot as a child but my desire to play could not be fulfilled because the education world that broke the childhood entertainment that came ahead took away all the joys of my childhood and journey present from childhood till now has enabled me to face many situations and lead life forward.

🙂🙂🙂.

Inspiration: Reaching For The Stars - Kalpana Chawla

               Kalpana Chawla

" The path from dreams to success does exist. May you have the vision to find it, the courage to get on to it, and the perseverance to follow it".

 Inspiration : Reaching for the stars story is based on the life of Kalpana Chawla and her success . She was the first Indian - American astronaut and first Indian woman in space. She first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator.

The following questions and answers are based on Unit-2 Inspiration: Reaching for the Stars / Kalpana Chawla .

Questions: 1. How did Kalpana's life take shape? Discuss her early life and reaching out to NASA.

Answer : 

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in a Punjabi Hindu family in Karnal, Haryana. She was born in a very conservative society but she broke several traditions to become the first Indian-born female astronaut.

        

  She completed her schooling from Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal. Growing up, Chawla went to local flying clubs and watched planes with her father. After earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, Chawla moved to the United States in 1982 and obtained a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1984. She went on to earn a second Master's in 1986 and a PhD in aerospace engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado Boulder.

       

  Her journey to NASA began when she joined NASA's Ames Research Center in 1988 as a researcher. Kalpana's exceptional skills and dedication led to her selection as an astronaut candidate in 1994. In 1997, she made history as the first woman of Indian origin in space during the Space Shuttle Columbia mission. Her achievements continued, and in 2003, she embarked on her second mission.

    

Unfortunately, tragedy struck when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during re-entry in 2003. Kalpana Chawla's life, marked by her passion for aerospace, dedication, and groundbreaking achievements, remains an inspiring person in the annals of space exploration.

Questions :2 Draw a character sketch of Kalpana Chawla.

(Learners are advised to prepare a diagram as well, portraying the characteristics of Kalpana Chawla's legacy. Upload the photo of it with the theoretical answer.)

Answer : 

BE HONEST AND DO WHATEVER YOU WANT TO.FOLLOW YOUR DREAMS AND EVERYTHING IS POSSIBLE".

                                -KALPANA CHAWLA

Kalpana Chawla, born on March 17, 1962, in Karnal, India, was a pioneering astronaut and the first woman of Indian origin in space. Known for her remarkable journey, she possessed a resilient spirit and an insatiable curiosity about the cosmos.

Educated in aerospace engineering, Kalpana earned her master's degree from the University of Texas at Arlington and a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado. Her academic achievements set the stage for an illustrious career in aeronautics and space exploration.

Kalpana's journey with NASA began in 1994 when she was selected as an astronaut candidate. Her dedication and exceptional skills propelled her into space on two missions. The first, STS-87 in 1997, highlighted her technical prowess as she conducted experiments aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. Unfortunately, tragedy struck during her second mission, STS-107, in 2003, when the Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry.

Beyond her professional achievements, Kalpana Chawla's character was defined by her resilience, determination, and a passion for breaking barriers. Her journey symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit over adversity and continues to inspire generations to pursue their dreams, irrespective of challenges.

In remembering Kalpana Chawla, one recognizes not just an astronaut, but a symbol of courage, intelligence, and the indomitable human spirit reaching for the stars.

Questions : 3 Discuss the social barriers and restrictions you have faced to date.

Answer :

In the tapestry of human existence, social barriers and restrictions are woven into the fabric of daily life. As a normal person, I have encountered my share of these challenges, providing me with unique insights into the dynamics that shape our interactions and expaeriences.Personally experiencing financial constraints has fueled my commitment to advocating for equitable access and opportunities for all.

       Challenging these norms has been a journey toward fostering a more inclusive and equal environmentConforming to societal expectations can result in the fear of judgment. I've faced instances where societal norms clashed with personal values, emphasizing the need for authenticity and resilience in the face of external pressures.

      In the mosaic of social interactions, barriers and restrictions are omnipresent. My personal journey has been shaped by encounters with cultural nuances, economic constraints, gender expectations, educational hurdles, and the weight of societal judgment. However, these experiences have not defined me; rather, they have fueled a commitment to breaking down barriers for a more inclusive and equitable future. Through resilience, empathy, and advocacy, individuals can contribute to dismantling the societal constraints that limit human potential.

Questions : 4 Does Kalpana's life inspire you? How?

Answer :

"The path from dreams to success does exist".

                         - KALPANA CHAWLA 

 Kalpana Chawla's life is very inspiring for me which teaches best decisions to make in critical situations in my life.Kalpana Chawla's life can serve as a profound inspiration by embodying qualities such as resilience, determination, and breaking barriers. As an astronaut, she overcame challenges, showcasing the importance of pursuing dreams despite adversity. Her journey as an Indian woman in space exploration can inspire individuals to challenge societal norms and strive for excellence in their chosen paths. Kalpana's legacy encourages us to persevere, embrace diversity, and pursue our aspirations with unwavering determination.

Thank you 😊. 

 

Rang De Basanti / Movie Review

 Information:

Directed by : Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra

Written by : Dialogues:

                                  Rensil D'Silva

                                  Prasoon Joshi

Produced by : Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra

Production Company : Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra Pictures

Release Date : 26 January 2006

Running Time : 167 minutes

Box office : ₹970 million

Country : India

Language : Hindi 

Starring :   Aamir Khan

                    Siddharth

                    R. Madhavan

                    Sharman Joshi

                    Atul Kulkarni

                    Kunal Kapoor

                    Alice Patten

                    Soha Ali Khan

                   Waheeda Rehman

                    Cyrus Sahukar

Movie Review 

         "Rang De Basanti" is a 2006 Indian film directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra. The narrative unfolds through a group of friends who initially live carefree lives but undergo a profound transformation when asked to portray revolutionaries in a documentary. As they immerse themselves in the roles, the lines between fiction and reality blur, leading to a powerful exploration of patriotism, social responsibility, and the impact of history on contemporary society. The film's title, which translates to "Paint It Saffron," reflects the spirit of rebellion and change.

                    Revolves around a British filmmaker, Sue, who comes to India to make a documentary about her grandfather's diary, which details his experiences as a jailer during the Indian independence struggle. She enlists a group of carefree young Indians to play the roles of freedom fighters in her film.

As the friends delve into their roles, they become increasingly aware of the issues plaguing modern India, including corruption and political apathy. Tragedy strikes when one of their close friends, an Indian Air Force pilot, dies in a plane crash due to corrupt practices.

Fueled by grief and a sense of injustice, the group decides to take matters into their own hands. They transform from apathetic youngsters into activists, demanding accountability and change. The film blurs the lines between fiction and reality, using the past to comment on the present and urging the youth to actively engage in shaping the future of their nation. The story is a powerful exploration of patriotism, social responsibility, and the impact of history on contemporary society.

Pre-independence and youth and post-independence youth :

In "Rang De Basanti," the youth areinitially portrayed as carefree anddisconnected from social and politicalissues. Their transformation occurs whenthey become involved in a documentaryproject that draws parallels between thestruggles of revolutionaries from the pastand the present socio-political scenario.The film explores how the contemporaryyouth find a sense of purpose andactivism, reflecting the potential forchange when individuals become awareof and engaged in addressing societalchallenges.

             The post-independence youth, on the other hand,initially seem apathetic but becomecatalysts for change when they connectwith the sacrifices made by theirpredecessors, blending past and presentstruggles for a common cause.

          Post-independence youths like DJ Singh, Karan Singhaniya, Sukhi Ram, Lakshman Pandey and Aslam are having a fun party, drinking alcohol and on the other hand pre-independence youths like Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Ashfaq Ulla Khan, Chandra Shekhar Azad, RamPrasad, are fighting for freedom.

Corruption in the country :

                     The group becomes devastated when Sonia's fiancé Ajay Singh Rathod, a flight lieutenant in the Indian Air Force, is killed when his MiG-21 jet malfunctions and crashes. The government attributes the accident to pilot error and closes the case, but Sonia and her friends refuse to accept the official explanation, remembering Ajay as a skilled pilot who died while steering the plane away from crashing into a populous city. They learn that the corrupt Defense Minister Shastri signed a contract importing cheap parts for MiG-21 aircraft in exchange for a personal favor. Karan is severely jolted when he realizes that his father Rajnath was involved in orchestrating the deal.

       Through this scene, Rakesh Om Prakash Mehra shows the corruption and negligence happening in the country and The cause of martyrdom of our country's soldiers and pilots is due to faulty equipment and faulty aircraft manufacturing,The main reason behind this is the company owners and politicians of the country due to which in large numbers of soldiers die.

Power of youth : 

               Thus the film has a theme of youth activism and through the final scene it is known that if the youth are active they can change the country and stop corruption. that explores the impact of youthful activism on societal change in India. It emphasizes the power of the youth to bring about transformation and question the existing system, drawing parallels between past and present struggles. The film's narrative encourages viewers to reflect on social issues and their role in shaping the future of the country.

           The group becomes devastated when Sonia's fiancé Ajay Singh Rathod, a flight lieutenant in the Indian Air Force, is killed when his MiG-21 jet malfunctions and crashes,Then there is a change in these youths.

               Motivated by this incident, they Since working on the film has already made them imbibe idealism and galvanized them against government corruption, the group organizes a peaceful protest at the India Gate. The police arrive and violently break up the peaceful demonstration; Ajay's mother Aishwarya is beaten by the police and goes into a coma. Laxman realizes that his senior party official, Raghuvir Mishra, was in league with the government officials who ordered the police to stop the protest and becomes disillusioned with his own party. Inspired by the revolutionaries, the group decides to take action themselves. They assassinate Shastri to avenge Ajay's death, while Karan confronts and murders Rajnath.

     The conclusion of "Rang De Basanti" sees the protagonists realizing the need for social and political change in India. Fueled by a sense of responsibility and patriotism, they confront systemic issues, leading to a tragic but impactful climax that serves as a call to action for the audience to engage in the betterment of society.

Thank you 😊. 

The Nightingale and the Rose by Oscar Wilde

Q : 1 Write about your understanding of the story The Nightingale and the Rose.

Answer :                                                                       

              The Nightingale and the Rose" by Oscar Wilde is a tale that delves into the depths of understanding love and sacrifice. The nightingale's unwavering commitment to aiding a young student in love highlights the selflessness often required in genuine relationships. However, the story also exposes the harsh realities of a world that often values superficial appearances over sincere emotions. It prompts readers to reflect on the true essence of love and the sacrifices one might make in its pursuit, questioning societal norms and the worth of superficial desires.

        She knows how rare true love is, and she knows it when she sees it. The Prince is giving a ball the following night, but although the Student and the woman he loves will both be there, she will not dance with him without a red rose.

A Lizard, a Butterfly, and a Daisy all tell the Nightingale that it’s ridiculous that the young Student is weeping over a red rose, but the Nightingale sympathises with him. She flies to a nearby grass-plot and asks the Rose-tree to give her a red rose, and in exchange she will sing for it. But the Rose-tree says it produces only white roses, so cannot give her what she wants. It suggests going to the Rose-tree by the sun-dial.

The Nightingale proposes the same deal with this tree, but it replies that it only produces yellow roses, so cannot help. However, it directs her to the Rose-tree right under the student’s window. However, although this Rose-tree does produce red roses, the winter has frozen its branches and it cannot produce any.

The Nightingale asks if there is any way she can get one red rose for the Student. The tree replies that the only way of producing a red rose is for the Nightingale to sing by moonlight while allowing a thorn to pierce her heart, so her blood seeps through to the tree and produces a red rose. The Nightingale agrees to this, because she believes Love to be more valuable than Life, and a human heart more precious than hers.

   She goes and tells the forlorn Student what she is going to do, but he doesn’t understand her, because he only understands things written down in books. The Oak-tree, in which the Nightingale has built her nest, does understand her words, however, and requests one last song from the Nightingale. She sings, but the Student, taking out his notebook, is rather unimpressed, because the bird’s song has no practical use.

That night, the Nightingale sings with her heart against the thorn, until it eventually pierces her heart while she sings of love. Her heart’s blood seeps into the tree and produces a red rose, but by the time the flower is formed the Nightingale has died.

The next morning, the Student opens his window and sees the red rose on the tree, and believes that it is there thanks to mere good luck. Plucking the rose, he goes to the house where his sweetheart lives, and presents her with the red rose. But another suitor, the Chamberlain’s nephew, has sent her jewels, which are more valuable than flowers, so she says she will dance with him instead at the ball that night.

The Student denounces the girl for her fickleness, and she calls him rude. He throws the red rose into the gutter, where a cart rolls over it. As he walks home, he decides to reject Love in favour of Logic and Philosophy, which have a more practical use .

Conclusion : 

In conclusion reveals the tragic sacrifice made by the nightingale for the sake of love. The nightingale gives her life to create a red rose for the Student, only to discover that his love was fleeting. The story highlights themes of sacrifice, unrequited love, and the often cruel reality of human 

Q : 1 Write about your understanding of the story The Nightingale and the Rose.

Answer :                                                                       

              The Nightingale and the Rose" by Oscar Wilde is a tale that delves into the depths of understanding love and sacrifice. The nightingale's unwavering commitment to aiding a young student in love highlights the selflessness often required in genuine relationships. However, the story also exposes the harsh realities of a world that often values superficial appearances over sincere emotions. It prompts readers to reflect on the true essence of love and the sacrifices one might make in its pursuit, questioning societal norms and the worth of superficial desires.

        She knows how rare true love is, and she knows it when she sees it. The Prince is giving a ball the following night, but although the Student and the woman he loves will both be there, she will not dance with him without a red rose.

A Lizard, a Butterfly, and a Daisy all tell the Nightingale that it’s ridiculous that the young Student is weeping over a red rose, but the Nightingale sympathises with him. She flies to a nearby grass-plot and asks the Rose-tree to give her a red rose, and in exchange she will sing for it. But the Rose-tree says it produces only white roses, so cannot give her what she wants. It suggests going to the Rose-tree by the sun-dial.

The Nightingale proposes the same deal with this tree, but it replies that it only produces yellow roses, so cannot help. However, it directs her to the Rose-tree right under the student’s window. However, although this Rose-tree does produce red roses, the winter has frozen its branches and it cannot produce any.

The Nightingale asks if there is any way she can get one red rose for the Student. The tree replies that the only way of producing a red rose is for the Nightingale to sing by moonlight while allowing a thorn to pierce her heart, so her blood seeps through to the tree and produces a red rose. The Nightingale agrees to this, because she believes Love to be more valuable than Life, and a human heart more precious than hers.

   She goes and tells the forlorn Student what she is going to do, but he doesn’t understand her, because he only understands things written down in books. The Oak-tree, in which the Nightingale has built her nest, does understand her words, however, and requests one last song from the Nightingale. She sings, but the Student, taking out his notebook, is rather unimpressed, because the bird’s song has no practical use.

That night, the Nightingale sings with her heart against the thorn, until it eventually pierces her heart while she sings of love. Her heart’s blood seeps into the tree and produces a red rose, but by the time the flower is formed the Nightingale has died.

The next morning, the Student opens his window and sees the red rose on the tree, and believes that it is there thanks to mere good luck. Plucking the rose, he goes to the house where his sweetheart lives, and presents her with the red rose. But another suitor, the Chamberlain’s nephew, has sent her jewels, which are more valuable than flowers, so she says she will dance with him instead at the ball that night.

The Student denounces the girl for her fickleness, and she calls him rude. He throws the red rose into the gutter, where a cart rolls over it. As he walks home, he decides to reject Love in favour of Logic and Philosophy, which have a more practical use .

Conclusion : 

In conclusion reveals the tragic sacrifice made by the nightingale for the sake of love. The nightingale gives her life to create a red rose for the Student, only to discover that his love was fleeting. The story highlights themes of sacrifice, unrequited love, and the often cruel reality of human emotions.

Q : 2 How many characters are there in the story, and what do they do or say?

Answer : 

Character is crucial in a story "The Nightingale and the Rose" as it drives plot, fosters reader engagement, and conveys themes. Well-developed characters make the narrative relatable and provide a lens through which the audience can connect with and understand the unfolding events.

Characters : 

    1. The Student

    2. The Nightingale  

    3. The Rose-tree

     4. The Girl:

     5. The Lizard:

     6. The Oak-tree:

     7. Butterfly and Daisy

     8. The Professor

     9. The White Rose-tree   

   10. The Yellow Rose-tree:

1. The Student : 

        In "The Nightingale and the Rose" by Oscar Wilde, the student is the main character who is in love and desperately seeks a red rose to present to his beloved. Throughout the story, he expresses his frustration and despair at the difficulties of finding a suitable rose. The student's words and actions convey the central theme of the story, exploring the nature of love and the sacrifices made in its pursuit.

2. The Nightingale : 

the nightingale is a selfless and compassionate character. It overhears the student's plight and decides to help him by sacrificing its own life to create a red rose. The nightingale's actions and words in the story emphasize themes of love, sacrifice, and the contrast between genuine emotions and superficial desires. The nightingale plays a crucial role in driving the narrative forward and highlighting the consequences of pursuing love at any cost.

3. The Rose-tree :

    The rose-tree is not given a distinct character or dialogue. It serves as a plot element, as the nightingale sacrifices itself by pressing against the thorn of the rose-tree to create the red rose desired by the student. The rose-tree, in this context, represents the harsh reality and the price of true love, as it becomes the instrument through which the nightingale's sacrifice leads to the creation of the coveted rose.

4. The Girl : 

   There isn't a specific character referred to as "The Girl." Instead, the story generally mentions the object of the student's affections, who is the recipient of the red rose. The girl's actions and words are not explicitly detailed in the story; rather, the narrative focuses on the student's quest for a red rose to win her favor. The girl's role in the story is more symbolic, representing the concept of unrequited love and the sometimes painful sacrifices made in its pursuit.

5. The Lizard :

Like the Nightingale, the Lizard overhears the Student lamenting his unrequited love for the girl. The Lizard, however, is "a cynic," so he scoffs when he learns the Student is crying over a red rose. This foreshadows the ending of the story, when both the Student and the girl prove incapable of seeing the value of the rose as a symbol of sacrificial love.

6. The Oak-tree :

The Oak-tree is both a friend of the Nightingale and the place where she makes her home. Like the Rose-tree, the Oak-tree understands the seriousness of the Nightingale's intended sacrifice, and he begs her to sing one last song for him before she goes to her death.

7. Butterfly and Daisy : 

In the story, Butterfly and Daisy are characters mentioned briefly. They don't play significant roles or have specific dialogues. The primary focus is on the Nightingale, the Student, and the Rose.

8. The Professor : 

 Although he never appears in the story, the Professor is a symbolically important character. Like the Student, the Professor has clear ties to academia and intellectualism. Interestingly, however, he is also the father of the girl, suggesting a link between the Student's "rational" worldview and the girl's materialism.

9. The White Rose-tree :

This is the first tree the Nightingale visits on her search for a red rose. He does not have one, so he sends her to his brother, the Yellow Rose-tree.

10. The Yellow Rose-tree :

This is the second tree the Nightingale visits on her search for a red rose. He does not have one, so he sends her to his brother, the Red Rose-tree.

Q : 3 : If you were asked to do the second part of the story, what would it be? Write Freely.

Answer: 

     If I am asked to do another part of this story, I will take it on a happy end.In the happy continuation of "The Nightingale and the Rose," the enchanted red rose, infused with the nightingale's sacrifice, becomes a symbol of enduring love. As the lovers embrace the profound gift, their bond strengthens. Their lives are filled with joy, understanding, and a deep appreciation for the beauty that emerged from the nightingale's selfless act. The story concludes with the couple, surrounded by the blooming red roses, living a harmonious and blissful life together.

Q : 4. Upload the photo of the poetry you have written as a part of classroom activities done based on the story.

Answer :

         Thank you.